South African speech-language therapists’ views on dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients

Abstract

Background: A significant gap in literature exists regarding speech-language therapists’ (SLTs’) guidelines for swallowing management in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa.
Objectives: This study explored a sample of South African SLTs’ views of swallowing management in patients with HNC.
Method: A custom-designed online questionnaire was shared on social media platforms and completed by 14 South African SLTs with experience in swallowing management of patients with HNC. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structured tabular thematic analysis for qualitative data.
Results: Participants (n = 14) believed they have a key role in the swallowing management of patients with HNC. Yet, they often face obstacles, such as late inclusion as a team member, cultural and linguistic barriers and/or limited access to resources and standard operating protocols. Most SLTs in this sample (n = 8) include instrumental assessments during initial evaluation. Treatment varied for each patient (e.g., type of surgical procedure [n = 14], anatomical and physiological changes [n = 14]). Speech-language therapists highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, cultural and linguistic considerations and professional development.
Conclusion: This population requires increased SLT involvement in multidisciplinary teams to ensure timely and appropriate evidence-based swallowing intervention.
Contribution: This study provides a description of SLTs’ views on swallowing management of patients with HNC. Continued professional development is needed for South African SLTs to enhance evidence-based decision-making in HNC management, thus enhancing quality of care.